Service members who leave active duty may qualify for health care coverage through either the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) or TRICARE, depending on how they separated from the military.

But what happens to your VA or TRICARE benefits when you turn 65, which is the age most people become eligible for Medicare? Do veterans and military retirees have to take Medicare, or do the VA and TRICARE provide enough coverage? Find answers in our guide below.

If you have VA Benefits when you become Medicare-eligible

1.  Do I need Medicare if I have VA coverage?

It's not mandatory to enroll in Medicare at age 65 if you’re a veteran with VA benefits. However, if you choose not to sign up for Medicare, you won’t have coverage for services you get in facilities outside the VA health system.

Additionally, if you choose not to enroll in Medicare during your Initial Enrollment Period and you don’t have employer-sponsored coverage, you may have to wait until the next General Enrollment Period (Jan. 1-March 31 each year) to enroll. You could also face a financial penalty for late enrollment.

2.  Can you have both VA benefits and Medicare?

Yes. If you have VA health benefits and qualify for Medicare at age 65, you can be enrolled in both plans at the same time. In fact, the VA strongly encourages veterans without employer-sponsored insurance to sign up for Medicare Parts A and B as soon as they qualify.

You may be wondersing: Why do I need Medicare if I am covered by the VA? Having VA benefits and Medicare gives you more choices for your care. With Medicare, you’re covered if you ever need to or choose to go to a non-VA hospital or doctor. And keeping your VA benefits means you can get coverage for services and items not covered by Medicare, such as hearing aids and over-the-counter medications. Plus, there’s no guarantee the VA will have the funding to continue to cover all eligible veterans in the future. Medicare can give you the peace of mind that you’ll be able to get the medical care you need.

If you choose to enroll in Medicare as a veteran, you can get your coverage through original Medicare or a Medicare Advantage (Part C) plan. Medicare Advantage is a way to receive Medicare benefits through private health plans. These plans often include prescription drug coverage (Part D) and other benefits beyond what's covered under original Medicare.

How do the VA and Medicare work together?

VA benefits and Medicare are separate systems and not coordinated in any way. Rather, you decide which benefits you want to use when receiving care:

• To use your VA benefits, you must visit a VA doctor or facility. In some cases, the VA will cover care at a non-VA facility if it’s pre-authorized. Medicare may step in to pay for services the VA has not authorized.
• To use your Medicare benefits, you must receive care at a Medicare-authorized facility. Your VA benefits will not cover your Medicare out-of-pocket costs (e.g., copayments).

VA benefits include coverage for prescription drugs. However, if you sign up for Medicare Part D drug coverage, you can use it to get prescriptions from non-VA doctors. Having Part D will also allow you to fill your prescriptions at a local pharmacy instead of through the VA mail-order system.

Some veterans sign up for premium-free Medicare Part A (hospital insurance) but opt out of Part B (medical insurance) since it has an additional monthly premium. If you choose to do this, you should know that delays in signing up for Medicare Part B can result in a penalty. This fee grows each year you delay enrollment, and you’ll be required to pay it annually for the rest of your life. If you have low income and you're worried about affording the Part B premium, see if you qualify for the Medicare Savings Programs (MSPs). These programs can help cover your out-of-pocket costs.

The bottom line: If you have VA benefits and then qualify for Medicare, it’s important to weigh the coverages provided by both plans. Depending on your priority group, you may lack benefits for certain VA health services or have more out-of-pocket costs. Also, even if you’re satisfied with your current VA benefits, consider the fact that life changes. You might end up moving somewhere with less access to VA facilities, or decide you want to see a non-VA provider. Having Medicare can give you the added flexibility you need.

If you have TRICARE when you become Medicare-eligible

1.  Do I have to get Medicare at 65 if I have TRICARE?

As a military retiree, your coverage under traditional TRICARE ends once you become eligible for Medicare. If you have no group insurance from a current employer, you'll want to enroll in Medicare Parts A and B within three months before turning 65 to avoid any lapse in health care coverage.

Enrolling in Medicare does not mean you’ll lose out on TRICARE benefits completely. Instead, you’ll switch to TRICARE for Life. This change is 100% automatic, so there's no need to fill out any special paperwork. If you are listed as TRICARE-eligible in the Defense Enrollment Eligibility Reporting System (DEERS), your TRICARE for Life coverage should begin on the same day as your Medicare Parts A and B coverage.

2.  Do retired military pay for Medicare?

For most people who have worked and paid Social Security taxes for at least 10 years, Medicare Part A costs nothing. If you don't qualify for premium-free Part A, you'll pay up to $518 per month in 2025. Part B comes with a standard monthly premium ($185 for most people in 2025). 

3.  How does TRICARE for Life work?

TRICARE for Life serves as “wrap-around” coverage for your Medicare plan and acts much like supplemental plans (e.g., Medigap) offered by private insurance carriers. Essentially, TRICARE for Life enhances your existing benefits by reducing or eliminating out-of-pocket costs for many treatments, such as deductibles, coinsurance, and copayments. It may also pay for certain services not covered under Medicare, such as health care coverage outside the U.S.

It's important to note that TRICARE for Life is tied to the individual person; it does not extend to family members. If you have family members not eligible for Medicare, they will still be covered under their regular TRICARE plan.

4.  How does Medicare work with TRICARE for Life?

Unlike Medicare and the VA, Medicare and TRICARE for Life coordinate benefits. With TRICARE for Life, you may see any participating or non-participating Medicare provider. You can get services at military hospitals and clinics if space is available. Medicare pays its share first, if any, and then TRICARE pays its share. In general, you'll pay nothing out of pocket for services covered by both plans. You may, however, have out-of-pocket costs for services not covered by TRICARE for Life and/or Medicare.

There's no special enrollment card for TRICARE for Life. You'll just need to show your uniformed military ID card and Medicare card as proof of coverage.

5.  Do I need Medicare Part B if I am retired military?

You must have Medicare Part B to maintain coverage under TRICARE for Life, even if you’re still actively working. That's why it's important to enroll in Part B as soon as you become eligible. If you delay enrollment, you could face late enrollment penalties in addition to coverage gaps.

6.  Does TRICARE for Life require Medicare Part D?

Enrollment in a Medicare Part D prescription drug plan isn't necessary if you have TRICARE for Life coverage, since TRICARE for Life beneficiaries are still covered under the TRICARE Pharmacy Program.

7.  Do you need a Medicare supplement if you have TRICARE for Life?

No. If you have TRICARE for Life, it serves as your Medicare supplement. You do not need to purchase a separate Medigap policy.

Want to know more about Medicare—including coverages, costs, and how to get help choosing the right plan? Visit our Medicare for Older Adults resource library.